Запасы хлеба в крепостях восточного участка Белгородской черты по данным описи 1678 г.

Abstract

The research is devoted to the storage and distribution of bread stocks in the sovereign residents of the fortress city of the eastern section of the Belgorod line in the second half of the 17th century. To analyze the set problems, information about bread stocks preserved in the inventory of cities compiled in 1678 is used. This document reflects information on all the cities of the Belgorod line and its neighboring counties in the context of a single time segment, which makes it possible to determine the general patterns of the distribution of bread stocks. During the study, a description was given of the structure and composition of granaries located in the fortresses of the eastern section of the Belgorod line. This allowed us to answer questions about the number of animal heads, tax collectors and clerks, as well as their social affiliation. It was determined that the bulk of the bread stored in the living yards was rye and oats, which could serve as a bread salary issued to service people, as well as grain sent to other cities and to the Don. In addition, the presence in sovereign dwellers of reserves of agricultural crops such as wheat, barley, buckwheat and millet, as well as grain processing products: rye and oat flour (thick) is revealed. It is established that the filling of living yards was uneven. Particular attention was paid to the study of the variability of the distribution of bread reserves in the inhabitants of the eastern section of the Belgorod line, in relation to the number of service garrisons, and the strategic importance of the bread reserves stored in sovereign residents and their influence in the development of the county land fund is determined.