Характеристика жизнеспособности сперматозоидов у потомства самок крыс с экспериментальным сахарным диабетом 1 типа при действии иммобилизационного стресса

Abstract

One of the main factors underlying the development of prenatal stress is maternal type 1 diabetes. Its influence on the formation of the male reproductive system of the offspring has not been well studied. Therefore, this study was aimed at the analysis of the spermatozoa motor activity characteristics in mature offspring of the mothers with experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus, subjected to the immobilization stress. The study was performed on white laboratory Wistar rats (females), in which the type 1 diabetes mellitus was inducted, and their mature offspring. Spermatozoa were obtained from the epididymis; their motility was taken into account when determining their content in a unit volume. In order to study the antistress resistance of sperm, the the experimental animals were subjected to a model of immobilization stress. We demonstrate that the sperm concentration is decreased in the offspring of female rats with experimental diabetes. This decrease also occurs in animals subjected to the immobilization stress, in both intact and experimental groups. The fertile to non-fertile germ cells ratio is also affected by the immobilization stress. We show that the number of Leydig cells and their activity index were reduced in experimental animals. Based on these results, we conclude that the fertility and antistress resistance of spermatogenesis are reduced in the offspring of the female rats with experimental diabetes mellitus. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system provides control of the reproductive system, primarily through testosterone, which is produced by the Leydig cells and is involved in the regulation of the spermatogenesis. The activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system under hypoglycemia leads to the suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal system activity. We propose that the immobilization stress raises the corticosteroid levels, which further inhibits the secretory activity of the Leydig cells, leading to the disruption of the spermatogenesis and the decrease in sperm concentration and motor activity.