Культурно-специфические особенности реализации речевой модели коммуникативного давления (на примере американской лингвокультуры)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the communicative pressure speech model functioning, based on the rhetorical device of sarcasm in the context of American linguaculture. The work analyzes the mechanism by which communicative pressure is carried out, the features of the relationship between the components of its model and their nature. The research material is represented by the products of English-language oral interpersonal discourse, namely, dialogic statements borrowed from American films. A three-component model which makes it possible for the pressure to function consists of logos, ethos and pathos, and the confrontational nature of its impact is determined by a conflictogene involved in the model of its implementation. The research makes a conclusion about the implementation of a complex three-stage mechanism of the communicative pressure model during the manifestation of sarcasm in speech. The article establishes the primary nature of logos conflictogenes in a sarcastic statement, which can be represented by various forms of absurdity. The analysis of the linguistic material allows us to identify the features of the implementation of the pressure model in the American linguaculture in the process of localizing the global trend of aggressive speech interaction. Methods of implementation of logos conflictogenes, found in American dialogic speech, include both tactics of logical pragmatic absurdity and lexical and stylistic techniques that give rise to the process of violation and distortion of the semantics and expose semantic absurdity. The first group covers such techniques as breaking the semantic connection between statements, equating the part and the whole, reducing the semantic volume of a concept, and contrasting explicit and implicit knowledge. The second group is represented by an absurd hyperbolization, a simile, a metaphor, a zeugma. The absurdization of a speech utterance gives rise to the secondary pathos and ethos conflictogenes. Meanwhile, destructive pathos serves as an independent source of tertiary ethos conflictogenes caused by violation of ethical standards of interpersonal communication. The degree of an impact of communicative pressure can be intensified through various pragmastylistic means.