Аккумуляция наносов мелкозема гидротехническим сооружением в виде запруды в условиях Ростовской области

Abstract

Purpose: to study the ability to accumulate fine earth sediments delivering with surface runoff of melt and rainwater, a hydraulic structure in the form of a retaining dam in combination with reclamation protective forest planting in Rostov region. Materials and methods. The object of research is a hydraulic structure in the form of a retaining dam, laid in 1982 under the leadership of Professor E.V. Poluektov on one of the branches of the Bolshoi Log gully near the Stepnoy village, Aksai district, Rostov region. The experimental design included observing the accumulation of volume and mass of sediment in the retaining dam and comparing them with the runoff at a stationary runoff site. Surface slope was 2–3°. The generally accepted research methods by G.V. Dobrovolsky and the methodology of the Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems were used. Results. The studies were conducted in 1982–2023 over three periods: 1982–1995, 1996–2004 and 2004–2023. Archive observations by Professor E.V. Poluektov for the first and second periods were used, and research was carried out in 2023. Indicators of the volume and mass of fine earth were determined, and dependencies reflecting their delivery into the retaining dam for observation periods of 1982–1995, 1996–2004 and 2005–2023 were obtained, the sediment accumulation rate in the retaining dam over the observation periods was determined. Conclusions. Long-term studies have shown that the simplest hydraulic structures in the form of retaining dams are effective and are capable of retaining sediment runoff in the amount of 15.59 tons per 1 ha of watershed, which is 61 % of the sediment runoff at a stationary runoff site of 25.63 t/ha, i.e. the amount of sediment decreased by 39 %. The obtained dependencies are planned to be used in the development of a computer program for calculating the flow of sediment into the retaining dam, and the research results can be used in the design of such hydraulic structures.