Abstract
The paper reports the results of a clinical experimental investigation into occurrence and pathogenesis of masseter parafunctions in several groups of airline personnel. Painless masseter parafunctions diagnosed in 12.4–20.5 % of the air personnel led to pathological dental abrasion or aggravation of chronic generalized parodentium. Parafunctions are often the case among helicopter pilots (20.5 %) and fighter pilots (18.9 %) and accountable to the effects of chronic vibration and hypergravity which are much stronger than in civil and military transport aviation. The investigation showed that pathogenesis of the masseter parafunctions arises from disorders in blood supply, muscular tissue hypoxia and transcapillary exchange. Changes in the intensity of fluorescence of the adrenergic nerve fibers and acetylcholinesterase activity due to repeated exposure to hypergravity and vibration may evidence pathogenetic developments in the mastication muscles and be the reason of increased fatigability among helicopter and fighter pilots.
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