Особливості розвитку сільськогосподарської дослідної справи в УРСР у роки Другої світової війни

Abstract

It is set that an analysis of activity of agricultural research establishments and menage in a period Second World War is a necessity for the objective recreation of the past, correct planning and scientifically-methodical prognostication in agriculture, improvement of integration of scitech in an agricultural production. On the basis of the use of principles of historical authenticity, objectivity, system and complexity, problem-chronologic and comparatively historical methods the features of development of the agricultural experiencental business are found out in Ukraine in the years of Second World War. It is found out, that in a pre-war period agricultural research establishments attained certain successes in working of scientifically-agronomical description of the ground cover of country and on its basis the construction of rational soil tillage systems, chemical melioration and the basic agrotechnical principles that were introduced in the collective farms of the USSR. Certainly, that scientists settled considerable problems both in the direction of the organizationally-economic strengthening of research institutes, experimental stations and fields and in relation to further development of the agricultural experimental business. Scientists gave large value to strengthening of help to the collective farms and state farms of Ukraine in the direction of liquidation of consequences of predatory management of fascist invaders. The employees of research establishments developed effective agrotechnical measures: inculcated scientifically reasonable grain-growing and cultivated crop rotations, as basis of effective agriculture. A large value was given to effective till of soil and bringing of organic and mineral fertilizers. For further renewal stock-raisings in collective farms created a powerful feed base. In this direction the activity the scientists of research establishments sent to working of measures in relation to the improvement of meadows and pastures, applying in industry of productive grass mixtures in the field and forage crop rotations. In a post-war period scientists made great strides in the direction of development of agricultural science, basic from that were: increase of raising the culture of farming and аssistance to the agricultural organs, to the collective farms and state farms in applying introduction of the production of scientific achievements of science and front-rank experience, development of measures on the increase of the productivity of agricultural cultures and productivity of stock-raising.