Abstract
The purpose of the paper is to review the changes in the mountain glaciers of the Russia North, in its continental part under changing climate, the reaction of glaciers onto fluctuations, primarily air temperature and precipitation over recent decades. The review covers the reaction of climatic systems of the Russian North (Russian Subarctic and North of Baikal region) to climate changes of the late 20th century and the last decades of the 21st century. These are systems located in mountainous countries: the Polar and Subpolar Urals, Byrranga, the Putorana Plateau, the Orulgan, Suntar-Khayata, Chersky ranges, and the highlands of Chukotka, Kolyma and Koryakia. Judging by the obtained trend maps of the main climatic characteristics important for glaciation, the temperature increase from S to N in 1966- 2019 and a decrease in precipitation in approximately this direction contribute to a reduction in the area and mass of glaciers in Russian North. Methods for assessing the size of glaciation and their dynamics were based on a comparison of data from the Catalog of Glaciers of the USSR and later catalog issues (these are the Chukotka and Kolyma glacial systems) with the results of decoding satellite images (Landsat, ASTER, Sentinel-2) and expeditionary information. Most of the studied glacial systems are represented by small forms of glaciation, which are defined. Since estimates of glacier reduction are given for different systems for different periods of time, it was not the task of the review to compile an accurate single picture. The glacier reaction of varying size, morphological type, bedding, aspect is not the same even for approximately similar climate conditions. For each region, variations in mean summer air temperature and cold season precipitation of key (nearest) weather stations for the period from the onset of a positive trend in summer temperatures are given. Under conditions of prolonged climate change towards warming, the climate factor has become the most importrant, which is confirmed by the data presented in this work.
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