БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОРТОВ, ФОРМ И КЛОНОВ ВИНОГРАДА СЕЛЕКЦИИ ФГБНУ СКФНЦСВВ

Abstract

The current area of research is a comprehensive study of varieties, forms and clones of local breeding for a reasonable selection of modern varieties. The aim of the study was to study the biochemical and technological characteristics of varieties, forms and clones of grapes bred by NCFSCHVW in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Kuban. The objects of research were varieties, forms, clones of the NCFSCHVW breeding (9 white-berry, 11 dark-berry and 4 control varieties), as well as fresh grape must and dry wine materials obtained from them. Wine materials were prepared according to classical technologies for low-oxidized white wines and red wines with a «floating cap». The mass concentrations of sugars and titratable acids were determined in the must. Physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics, indicators, composition of aroma-forming components and individual organic acids were determined in wine materials. A complex of phenolic substances, vitamins and vitamin-like substances was studied in red wine materials. It was established that the must of the studied samples had moderate mass concentrations of sugars and titratable acids: white berry 19.1-22.5 g/100 cm3 and 7.6-8.3 g/dm3 , respectively; dark berries 20.2-24.4 g/100 cm3 and 6.8-8.0 g/dm3 , respectively. It was noted that the group of Tana forms was distinguished by a higher volume fraction of ethyl alcohol of 11.8-12.5 % vol. In a sample of dry wine material Tana 95, a higher content of esters (89.8 mg/dm3 ) was noted, among red ones – in wine materials Tana 33 (116.8 mg/dm3 ), Kurchanskiy (100.1 mg/dm3 ) and Cabernet Kuban (105.2 mg/dm3 ). The mass concentration of higher alcohols in dry wine materials from the white berry forms of Tana (295.9-349.8 mg/dm3 ) exceeded the classic varieties and proto-clones from the Chardonnay and Riesling lines (192.6-264.4 mg/dm3 ). Vladimir stood out by the amount of phenolic substances (3603 mg/dm3 ), Tana 85 distinguished according to the accumulation of anthocyanins. Kurchanskiy, Vladimir and Tana 85 were isolated according to the amount of vitamins and vitamin-like substances.