ПРИНЦИПИ КОРЕКЦІЇ ПОРУШЕНЬ ПОСТАВИ В ДІТЕЙ РАННЬОГО ВІКУ ІЗ ЗАТРИМКОЮ ПСИХОМОТОРНОГО РОЗВИТКУ

Abstract

In the current development of society, the number of children with disabilities is steadily growing, where disorders of the nervous system and musculoskeletal system of young and preschool children occupy a leading position. Given this, the correction of the motor sphere of this category of children is a priority, which contributes to the prospects of their further socialization. Numerous specialists (P. Lesgaft, K. Ushinsky, E. Pokrovsky, I. Sechenov, M. Bernstein, O. Zaporozhets, E. Stepanenkova, O. Dubogai, T. Krutsevich; T. Osadchenko, A. Semenov, V. Tkachenko L. Shapkova, O. Shterengerts, N. Gross, O. Yurechko, S. Bubnovsky, V. Epifanov, V. Yevminov, S. Yevseyev, M. Yefimenko, O. Kaptelin, V. Kachesov) drew attention to the development of the basis theories and techniques on which the effectiveness of the process of physical development, prevention and correction of motor disorders of the child depends. Despite a fairly strong scientific foundation of the methodology of correction of physical development and motor rehabilitation of children and adults, we have not found systematic developments in this area for young children with posture disorders. It is clear that the basis for improving their motor area must be based on universal principles already known to the general public, but very specific principles of motor correction of spinal curvatures in children of the first three years of life need additional development. This determines the relevance of our study. The aim of the study was to identify universal and special principles for the correction of posture disorders in young children with psychomotor developmental delay. Summarizing the existing data in the literature, as well as focusing on personal experience gained over many years of practical activity, we have previously formed two blocks of principles of posture correction in children – universal (the principle of interaction of two systems: the subsystem "Child" and the megasystem "Universe", the principle of medical pedagogy, the principle of complexity and integrativity, the principle of comorbidity – polymorbidity, principle of early adequate care, principle of differentiation and individualization, principle of improvement of life skills (social adaptation), principle of habilitation and correctional-compensatory orientation of training and education, principle of theatricalization of correctional process) and special (principle of unity of musculoskeletal system, phylogenetic principle of motor sphere development) child, the principle of hypercorrection, the principle of a spring pendulum, the principle of "spiral", the principle of tensegrity). Keywords: principles, young children, posture, correction, delayed psychomotor development.