ОЦЕНКА АДАПТИВНЫХ СВОЙСТВ СОРТОВ ЯРОВОГО ЯЧМЕНЯ ПО УРОЖАЙНОСТИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ОМСКОГО ПРИИРТЫШЬЯ

Abstract

Background. In Omsk Province there is an alternation of dry, medium moisture and wet years (respectively 40%, 30% and 20%). This indicates the need to use barley varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits and properties that ensure their high yields in a wide range of varying environmental conditions. Objects of the research were 9 varieties of spring barley developed by the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, recommended for cultivation in this region. Materials and methods. The experimental part of the work was carried out during 2011-2017, on the experimental fields of the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture, RAAS, located in the southern forest-steppe in the vicinity of Omsk. The plot area was 10 m2, with 4 repetitions. The sowing rate was 4 million live grains per 1 hectare. Agricultural practice used for the experiments is generally accepted in the West Siberian region. Mathematical processing was carried out by the method of the analysis of variance; yield adaptability, stability and plasticity parameters were calculated. Results. The average yield of the studied barley varieties in the environments of Omsk's Near-Irtysh area was 3.90 t/ha - it was the mean value for the period of studies. The barley yield varied greatly depending on environmental conditions and hereditary characteristics of varieties, which was confirmed by the results of the variance analysis: the share of the influence of the year of testing factor on the yield was 77.5%. The best conditions for the formation of increased yields during the period of research were observed: in 2011 and 2015 (5.28 and 5.78 t/ha), with a maximum index of environmental conditions (Ij = 1.38 and 1.88, respectively). Unfavorable conditions were noted from 2012 to 2014: yields decreased to 2.33 4 3.54 t/ha, with Ij = -0.36 4 -1.57. All studied varieties exceeded the reference 'Omskiy 91' by 7.0 4 39.3%. The most adaptive among barley varieties as far as their yield is concerned in the conditions of Omsk's Near-Irtysh region were the varieties: 'Podarok Sibiri', 'Omskiy 99', 'Omskiy 100' and 'Omskiy 95'. The sum of the ranks of the above varieties according to their general and specific adaptive abilities, breeding value of the genotype, regression coefficient, stability variance, stability index. and steadiness of the stability index was 20-30. Conclusion. Varieties 'Podarok Sibiri', 'Omskiy 99', 'Omskiy 100' and 'Omskiy 95' are highly adaptable and can provide high stable yields in a wide range of variation in the natural environments of the Near-Irtysh area in Omsk Province.