Применение навигационных систем в хирургическом лечении пациентов с деструктивной патологией височной кости

Abstract

The article analyzes the literature data on the use of the navigation system, the specificity of its application in various fields of otosurgery and various methods of application of this technology. The complex anatomy of the temporal bone and the cranial base contains numerous vital structures. Surgery in this region is always associated with the high risk of complications with various damages of the facial nerve, cochlea, semicircular ducts, dura mater, jugular vein bulb and carotid artery. Surgical navigation systems help to accurately determine of the location of anatomical structures during various surgical interventions. The principle of operation is based on tracking the position of surgical instruments due to electromagnetic field or by optical method. The position of the instrument is synchronized with a 3D-model of the anatomical region, built according to CT or MRI. The use of the system allows the surgeon to accurately navigate in the complex anatomy during operations and perform surgical manipulations with the minimal trauma to the surrounding tissues. During the operation, a great deal of time and effort is spent on verification of the middle ear structure, especially when the normal anatomy of the temporal bone is changed due to the pathological process or previous operations. The presence of fixed permanent bone reference points, allowing to calibrate the navigation system, ensures navigation accuracy. The use of a navigation device makes manipulations more accurate and less invasive.