Напрямки оптимізації природокористування в інвайронментальному менеджменті те-риторій локального рівня організації довкілля

Abstract

Landscape planning (LP) theory is widely used in many countries. However, there are various problems, associated with its application in Ukraine. Based on analysis of such problems, the model for landscape-environmental planning (LEP) was proposed as an alternative option to LP. The aim is to develop cartographical model on optimization of natural resource use on local areas (LA) for successful implementation of environmental management system. Methods: researches were carried out in LA with application of LEP, for evaluation of spatial distribution for various LA within a pilot site we used methodology for patchiness calculation, digital cartographic model was developed by using GIS-tools. Results: LEP is considered as a set of measures directed at sustainable nature management within LA. As LA we can consider urban landscapes, agro-landscapes, forests and water bodies, protected areas, etc. Based on approbation of author’s LEP methodology on a pilot site (area of forest-steppe zone within Kharkiv Oblast) and data collected on previous stage, now we have enough information and tools for the final LEP stage – development of ways and actions for nature management optimization. For spatial visualization of research results, cartographical model for pilot site was developed. It includes categories of LA with a list of directions/actions for further environmental management. Taking into account that various LEP users and initiators can have various (in some cases, even antipodal) aims and concepts, for each separate case the model shows, a list of appropriate directions and actions for environmental management according to the organizational profile. Recommendations, given in the article, were based on the following target concepts of LA:- nature protected landscapes – to conserve, develop and improve landscape;- forest landscapes – to support environmental balance in forest ecosystem for provision of their sustainability and to meet forest management needs of users;- forest sites within protected landscapes – to protect and conserve forest landscapes characteristic for various regions;- water management landscapes – either to meet needs of users in case of sustainable use of water body (for water bodies with hydrotechnical facilities) or to support environmental balance in water ecosystem for meeting norms for catching of bio-resources (for water bodies used for fishery).In environmental management for urban landscapes, we have developed actions for optimization of industrial, water management, road, protected-recreational and residential types of urban landscapes. Conclusions. Developed cartographical model for LA within pilot site give us a possibility to select most promising directions/actions for nature resource use based on LEP for environmental management on specific territory.