Полевое и экспериментальное исследования коммуникативного поведения в свете концепции И.А. Стернина

Abstract

The principles and models for describing communicative behavior developed by I.A. Sternin, an outstanding specialist in the field of communication studies are studied. The concept of I.A. Sternin based on a number of principles can be used to study the specifics of communication of a particular nation, group or individual, as well as for contrastive analysis. I.A. Sternin proposed three models for describing communicative behavior: situational, aspectual, and parametric. The complex application of these techniques is demonstrated on the example of two researches -in the field and experimental. The focus of the first research is the communicative behavior of the Old Believers living in modern Brazil in a foreign cultural environment. The material was collected by the author during a field expedition by the method of questioning and participant observation. The features of communicative behavior are considered, which are determined, on the one hand, by confessional norms, and, on the other hand, by living conditions in a foreign cultural environment. Among the problems discussed are tactics of self-identification and self-presentation, understanding the category of “friend or foe”, taboo topics, etc.The author comes to the conclusion that indirect ways of expressing conflict-generating intentions prevail in communicative behavior (softened criticism, avoidance of evaluation, euphemizing). In relation to the dominant ethnic group the attitude towards cooperative relations is explicated. The second research was conducted based on the material of a survey of representatives of two national cultures - Americans and Russian-speaking students studying in the United States, but brought up in the families of emigrants from Russia. Based on the analysis of the questionnaires, a number of conclusions were made about the similarities and differences between American and Russian communicative behavior in terms of selected for research. We drew the conclusion about the relevance of the research principles and procedures proposed in the Prof. Sternin's concept for field and experimental studies on a variety of materials.