СТВОРЕННЯ ТА ОЦІНКА ВИХІДНОГО МАТЕРІАЛУ ДЛЯ СЕЛЕКЦІЇ ЕРЕКТОЇДНИХ ФОРМ КУКУРУДЗИ (огляд літератури)

Abstract

Scientific publications of domestic and foreign scientists are analyzed, new approaches to solving the problem of obtaining the original breeding material of corn are identified. The necessity of creation of lines and hybrids of culture with erectile arrangement of a leaf plate is substantiated. It is confirmed that the primary task of the selection process is to group the collection of samples and obtain starting materials for heterosis selection, in particular, on the basis of CSF. To expand genetic diversity and reduce the period of creation of the original forms, it is advisable to use biotechnological methods. Stable production of corn grain is possible in the presence of hybrids with high potential productivity, resistance to pests, diseases, unfavorable environmental factors that meet the modern requirements of intensive technology. A clear understanding of the improved morphological and physiological type of plants and the elucidation of the biological reasons that limit their productivity in certain environmental conditions, contribute to an increase in the efficiency of using corn hybrids and the profitability of agricultural production. When creating hybrids, it is critical to select the parent components that will ensure their high performance. To conduct heterotic selection, the presence of homozygous lines is necessary. Currently, in order to achieve significant success in maize breeding, great attention must be paid to the creation of new starting material with a wide genetic diversity and in particular with an erectoid placement of the leaf plate. The necessity of creating lines and hybrids of culture with erectoid placement of the leaf plate is substantiated. It was confirmed that the primary task of the breeding process is grouping the collection of samples and obtaining initial materials for conducting heterotic breeding, in particular, based on CMS. To expand genetic diversity and shorten the period for creating initial forms, it is advisable to use biotechnological methods.