ПЬЕСЫ А.П. ЧЕХОВА «ИВАНОВ» И «ВИШНЕВЫЙ САД» В ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ ВЕНГЕРСКИХ РЕЖИССЕРОВ

Abstract

В данной статье представлено исследование театральных постановок драм А.П. Чехова в Венгрии. В центре внимания автора пьесы А.П. Чехова Иванов и Вишневый сад. В рамках работы дается обзор самых значительных постановок чеховских пьес с начала XX до начала XXI в. Выделяются постановки, представляющие основные направления интерпретации пьес русского автора венгерскими режиссерами. Особое внимание уделяется также проблеме перевода, ориентирующего режиссера и актера в процессе постановки на сцене, а зрителя в процессе восприятия The paper looks at theatrical adaptations of A. Chekhovs dramas in Hungary with a particular focus on Ivanov and The Cherry Orchard. The author provides a critical overview of the most prominent adaptations of A. Chekhovs plays. It identifies those theatrical adaptations that serve as the key avenues in Hungarian directors vision of A. Chekhovs works. The analysis is based on the presentday critical reflections, on the photographs of the performances and on the experiences of modern theatregoers. Our review focuses primarily on genrerelated features of stage adaptations, sidescenes and acting. At the same time central to the research is the problem of translations of A. Chekhovs works into Hungarian which serve as the reference point for the director and the actors when staging the play and the viewer when watching the performance.Unlike A. Chekhovs prosaic works which were translated into Hungarian and first published in the late 19th century, his dramas were first staged in Hungary in the 1920s. Ivanov was first adapted for stage by Dniel Jb in Comedy Theatre of Budapest in 1923. A year later he delivered a stage adaptation of The Cherry Orchard. The theatre history was marked by two watershed events. The Moscow Art Theatre brought The Cherry Orchard to Budapest. K. Stanislavskys troupe presented their version of The Three Sisters, the psychological realism of which had a strong impact on Sndor Hevesis adaptation of Seagull in the 1930s. Yet, a real breakthrough for A. Chekhov on the theatre stage was seen only in the 1960s and 1970s. It was prompted by renewed and reinvented theatre adaptation of Anton Chekhovs language both globalwise and in Hungary. This period was marked by Ivanov directed by Endre Marton in 1971 and Gbor Zsmbki in 1977 as well as The Cherry Orchard staged by Istvn Horvai in 1974. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries there appeared new stage adaptations of A. Chekhovs plays including Gbor Szkelys Ivanov in 1996. The biggest success was the production directed by Tams Ascher in 2004 which won the Golden Mask in Moscow. The analysis of the last phase in A. Chekhovs stage adaptation showed that the recent translations by Gyrgy Spir (then Gza Morcsnyi and Julia Ungr) have given a new impetus to the interpretation of The Cherry Orchard. This can be best seen in the productions by Pter Vall in 2005, Rbert Alfldi in 2007 and Sndor Zstr in 2013.