Вплив різних технологій вирощування на чисельність основних еколого-трофічних груп мікроміцетів ґрунту

Abstract

During 2021 on the basis of stationary field experiments, which are located in of the Skvyra Research Station of Organic Production (Kyiv region), the Nosivka selection research station (Chernihiv region), the Institute of Vegetable and Melon NAAS (Kharkiv regions) and in a private farm of organic production FOP Shanoilo (Chernihiv region) were studied of the quantitative composition of soil micromycetes under different agricultural crops: winter wheat, oats, rye, barley and onions. The research was conducted on different cultivation technologies: traditional, organic and mixed. Weather conditions during the research vegetation period differed for agrometeorological indicators. The characteristic feature was a contrast of differences in air temperature and unequal distribution of rainfall, which affected the composition of the soil mycobiocenosis. The vegetation period of 2021 in Kyiv region was characterized by sufficiently moist (HTC 1,7), and in Chernihiv and Kharkiv regions drought prevailed (HTC 0,6). Adverse weather conditions such as drought and waterlogging of the soil contributed to changes in the number of mycobiomes of the studied soils. Mycobiota are integral homeostatic components that affect what determines its important functions and the possibility of a continuous cycle substances. It is shown that cultivation technologies depending on the system of fertilizer and crop protection affect the formation of soil mycobiome. The of stationary field experiments that characterized by typical chernozem are more stable and balanced structure of soil microbiocenosis than low-fertile sod-podzolic soils, where the number of major ecological and trophic groups of micromycetes under different crops was twice as lower. It was found that each plant variety has a specific mycobiome of the rhizosphere, depending on the available soil group. It is determined that the number of major ecological and trophic groups inhabiting the rhizosphere of different crops depends from phase development of plant, soil and climatic conditions, soil type, fertilizer system and the cultivation technology and type of crops.