ВЛИЯНИЕ ДОЗ И СРОКОВ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ УРОЖАЙНОСТИ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ

Abstract

In 2016-2019, research was conducted on the experimental field of the Ulyanovsk research Institute for the purpose of determining the effectiveness of starting doses of mineral fertilizers, as well as nitrogen fertilizing on the productivity and quality of winter wheat grain Marathon. Studies have established the optimal lead time of nitrogen fertilization and doses of mineral fertilizers. Weather conditions over the years of research were contrasting, which allowed us to assess the responsiveness of winter wheat to mineral fertilizers in conditions of different moisture availability. The most effective options were those with nitrogen fertilization at a dose of 34 kg/ha in the spring period on frozen soil, which allowed to obtain an additional 0.51 t/ha and, conversely, the lowest-in the autumn period (+0.16 t / ha). The maximum yield of winter wheat (3.72 t / ha) is formed during the seeding with the simultaneous introduction of 45.5 kg/ha of complex fertilizers in the rows against fractional application of ammonium nitrate in spring during tillering and booting of plants in the amount of 34 kg/ha and top dressing in the phase of earning with urea at a dose of 15 kg/ha. Correlation analysis showed a positive close relationship between the elements of the structure of the winter wheat crop depending on different doses and methods of applying mineral fertilizers and nitrogen fertilizers (r=0.82-0.96). The highest content of protein (on average 14.1%) and gluten (33.0%) was provided on the control background without use of ordinary fertilizers. The use of complex fertilizers during seeding resulted in a slight decrease of amount of protein (by 14%) and gluten (up to 32.4-32.9%). Nitrogen fertilizer had a greater impact on these indicators.