Продуктивність кукурудзи на силос та вихід біогазу залежно від густоти стояння рослин

Abstract

The results of corn productivity of hybrids which have different groups of maturity as well as biogas output depending on the plant density are shown. The research was conducted in 2011–2015 under the conditions of the Research and Production Centre of the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University. Four corn hybrids Pivicha (FAO 180), Galatea (FAO 260), Monica 350 MV (FAO 380), Bystrytsia 400 MV (FAO 450) with four plant densities 90, 100, 110, 120 thsnd. pcs/ha were sown. With increasing sowing density from 90 to 120 thsnd pcs/ha, cob weight in the hybrid Pivichа decreased on 17.1%, in Galatea – on 23.0%, in Monica 350 MV – on 21.3%, in Bystrytsia 400 MV – on 26.1%. The hybrid Bystrytsia 400 MV had the highest weight of one plant – 704.9-911.1 g. The change in plant density of corn did not affect the content of dry matter. Depending on the hybrid, this index was 28.3-32.5%. Maximum dry matter was in the hybrid Pivicha and Galatea in variants with a density 120 thsnd pcs/ha – 13.1 and 13.7 t/ha, and in hybrids Monica 350 MV and Bystrytsia 400 MV with a density 90 thsnd pcs/ha – 15.4 and 16.5 t/ha. In the hybrids Pivicha and Galatea, the highest calculated biogas output was at 110 and 120 thsnd pcs/ha – 9.00-9.16 and 9.54-9.59 thsnd m3/ha. In the hybrids Monica 350 MV and Bystrytsia 400 MV, this maximum index was at density 90 thsnd pcs/ha – 10.81 and 11.52 thsnd m3/ha, and at density 100 thsnd pcs/ha it is observed a decrease on 5.91-7.12%. The level of corn density affects the formation of structure elements of the crop, the yield of green and dry mass and the estimated output of biogas. When increasing plant density from 90 to 120 thsnd pcs/ha, the weight of corn plants and their structural elements (leaves, stems and cobs) decreases on 13.1-26.7%. There is a high correlation between the output of biogas per 1 ha and dry matter (r= 0.97), as well as green mass (r=0,86). The optimum pre-harvest level of crop density, which provides the highest yield of green and dry mass, and calculated output of biogas: for the hybrids Piviсha and Galatea –110-120 thsnd pcs/ha, for hybrids Monica 350 MV and Bystrytsia 400 MB – 90 thsnd pcs/ha