Натуралістичне зображення євреїв у художніх творах Івана Франка для розкриття соціальної дійсності

Abstract

In the article the naturalistic features of the reproduction of the artistic depiction of Jews in the works of Ivan Franko, written in 1880 – 1890 is analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the figures of the Jews are depicted in compliance with the requirements of naturalism. It is determined that the basis of the image is factography and I. Franko’s strict adherence to the principle of reproducing reality in all details. In the works „At the Bottom”, „Ivas the Newest” the prisoners' stay in the cell are recorded with the reproduction of all the details of the terrible life and the psychologically difficult communication of prisoners. Also in the works there is an accurate reproduction by the writer of all the phenomena of life, in particular, the work „Gava” presents a complete picture of the conclusion of a terrible plan for appropriating the achievements of the work of the Staromissky’s family, and then the implementation of this plan by a cunning businessman. In the work „Household Crafts” we get acquainted with the hardships of the craftsman in search of opportunities to gain a sheet of the ability to work, during which all the details of the extortion of money and the impossibility of obtaining what you want, which was characteristic of the early capitalist society are presented in detail. In the texts we observe the combination of natural (biological) and social components, due to which the credibility of the image is achieved, in particular, in the story „Irigation” we trace the correlation of these two naturalistic components in Fledermaus’s actions and his defense of his own interests in a conflict with the owner. The article concludes that the works of I. Franko correspond to the naturalistic direction and that the writer's works form the basis of this direction in Ukrainian literature.