Тенденції міжнародної трудової міграції в умовах інтелектуалізації світогосподарського розвитку та цифровізації економіки

Abstract

The article is devoted to the assessment of the trends of international labor migration as the main part of international migration movements in the countries of the world in the context of the impact on them of modern transformational changes in global economic development, in particular, the intellectualization of migration flows and the digitalization of the economy. A trend has been established to increase the number of international migrants in the world during the last half century. It has been proven that the increase in the volume of labor migration has a significant impact on the labor markets of both the countries from which people leave and the countries receiving migrants. Attention is focused on the fact that the influx of labor to the host countries contributes to their economic growth. This is because most migrant workers are in active working age, which increases their impact on GDP production. The dynamics of international migration indicators by world region over the past 20 years have been analyzed. It has been established that in the world economy there is a growing need for highly qualified specialists, first of all, for high-tech sectors of the service sphere – IT industry, engineering services, the field of applied research and development, etc. It was concluded that there is an increase in the share of persons with a high level of education among labor migrants. This is a natural result of the transformation of science into the most productive force. It is substantiated that the receiving countries, taking into account the deepening of the process of intellectualization of world economic development, are building a policy of intellectualization of migration flows. This is implemented by recognizing the priority of attracting highly skilled migrants. These countries are developing a migration policy aimed at attracting the appropriate categories of labor force. The levers of countering the «brain drain» and encouraging the influx of highly intelligent workforce of the interested countries in the conditions of increased international competition for intellectual capital have been determined