Abstract
The article provides an overview of that parts of G. Fine's books – Essays in Ancient Epistemology (OUP, 2021) and The Possibility of Inquiry: Meno's Paradox from Socrates to Sextus (OUP, 2014) – which deal with Platonic epistemology. Our task is to show the main epistemological problems that are formed around the Meno's paradox or directly depend on it, and also to present the formulations of these problems in Fine’ own version in order to make these problems well recognizable in ancient philosophical discussions for the reader. The article examines the structure and the problematic content of Menon's paradox, and the technical vocabulary of G. Fine, which allows her to formulate the problematic content of ancient epistemology. As well it examines the number of epistemological problems: the propositionality of perception in Plato, the theory of two worlds in Plato and Aristotle, as well as certain parallels between Menon and Sisyphus, which all together make it possible to show that Meno's problematics is basic, shaping the epistemology in ancient philosophy both in Plato himself and after Plato.
Highlights
ᇺ ၊ၿၽၰၺၴၻၯ ၽၰႀႂၵၳၯၴႁႀႎ ၱ ှၺၯၱၴ ᇹ ᄬᆇƶƞƿƺ ƺƹ ƿƩƣ ƽƞƢƣƾ ƺƤ ƣƽơƣƻƿƫƺƹᄘ ƨƢƞƢƻƢƻƼƺ ᇳᇺᇶᅬᇳᇺᇸ ƞƹƢ ƿƩƣ ƨƞƢơƶᆈᄭ ᄬ ƫƹƣ ᇴᇲᇴᇳᄕ ᇳᇷᇷᅬᇳᇺᇺᄭᄙ
ᇻ ၊ၿၽၰၺၴၻၯ ၽၰႀႂၵၳၯၴႁႀႎ ၱ ှၺၯၱၴ ᇶ ᄬᆇƩƣ ᅵǂƺ ƺƽƶƢƾᅷ ƩƣƺƽDŽ ƫƹ ƿƩƣ ƨƞƢơƶᆈᄭ ၷ ှၺၯၱၴ ᇳᇲ ᄬᆇ ƽƫƾƿƺƿƶƣᅷƾ ǂƺ ƺƽƶƢƾᄘ ƹƺǂƶƣƢƨƣ ƞƹƢ ƣƶƫƣƤ ƫƹ ƶƺƻƢƹƩƶƹ ƵƞƳǀƻƩƠƺ ᇳᄙᇵᇵᆈ ᄬ ƫᅟ ƹƣ ᇴᇲᇴᇳᄕ ᇻᇶᅟᇳᇲᇺᄕ ᇴᇶᇵᅟᇴᇸᇶᄭᄙ
၊ၽ ၻၼၴၼၷႍ ၏ၯၸၼᄕ ၱ ဗ၄၌၍၌၄ᄕ ဟ၄၃၍၌၄ ၷ ဎ၍ၐၒ၃ဿ၏ၐၑ၁၄ ၊ၺၯႁၽၼ ၽႁၿၷႅၯၴႁ ၱႀၴ ႆၴႁႊၿၴ ၱၽၶၻၽၵၼႊႄ ၱၴၿႀၷၷ ᄕ ၾၽႀၹၽၺႋၹႂ ၱ ႌႁၷႄ ၳၷၯၺၽၲၯႄ ၳၽၾႂႀၹၯၴႁ ၷ ၶၼၯᅟ ၼၷၴ ၷ ၱၴၿႂ ၱ ၿၯၱၼၽၸ ၻၴၿၴ ၷ ၽ ၱၽႀၾၿၷႎႁၷၷ ၷ ၽၰ ၷၳၴႎႄᄕ ၯ ႁၯၹၵၴᄕ ႆႁၽ ၳၺႎ ၺႍၰၽၸ ၾၿၽၾၽၶၷႅၷၷᄕ ၳၺႎ ၹၽႁၽၿၽၸ ၻၽၵၴႁ ၷၻၴႁႋႀႎ ၶၼၯၼၷၴᄕ ၻၽၵၴႁ ၷၻၴႁႋႀႎ ၷ ၱၴၿၯ ᄬ ƫᅟ ƹƣ ᇴᇲᇴᇳᄕ ᇳᇻᄭᄙ ွ ႀၱၽႍ ၽႆၴၿၴၳႋ ျၿၷႀႁၽႁၴၺႋᄕ ၾၽ ၻၼၴၼၷႍ ၏ၯၸၼᄕ ၾၿၷၳၴၿၵၷၱၯၴႁႀႎ ᄕ ၾၽႀၹၽၺႋၹႂ ၿၯႀႀႂၵၳၯႎ ၽ ၾၿၽၾၽၶၷႅၷၽၼၯၺႋၼၽၻ ႀၽၳၴၿၵၯၼၷၷᄕ ၽၲၿၯၼၷႆၷᅟ ၱၯၴႁ ၝ၎၇ၐၑ၄။ၒ ၼၴၽၰႄၽၳၷၻႊၻၷ ၷႀႁၷၼၯၻၷᄕ ၷ ၴႀႁႋ ၼၴႀၹၽၺႋၹၽ ၷႀႁၷၼၼႊႄ ႀႂၵၳၴᅟ ၼၷၸᄕ ၽ ၹၽႁၽၿႊႄ ၱၽၶၻၽၵၼၯ ၃၍၉ၐဿᄕ ၼၽ ၼၴ ၝ၎၇ၐၑ၄။ဿᄙ ၈ၽ ၾၽႀၹၽၺႋၹႂ ၱႀၴᅟႁၯၹၷ ၽႀႁၯၴႁႀႎ ၱၽၶၻၽၵၼၽႀႁႋᄕ ႆႁၽ ၳၺႎ ၼၴၽၰႄၽၳၷၻႊႄ ၷႀႁၷၼ ၻၽၵၴႁ ၰႊႁႋ ၼၴ ႁၽၺႋၹၽ ၝ၎၇ၐၑ၄။ဿᄕ ၼၽ ၷ ၃၍၉ၐဿᄕ ႁၽ ၱၽၶၻၽၵၼၽᄕ ၽၼ ၽႁၹၺၽၼႎၴႁ ᄕ ၽၳၼၯၹၽᄕ ၹၯၹ ၾၽၹၯၶႊᅟ ၱၯၴႁ ၏ၯၸၼᄕ ၱ ᇳᄙᇵᇵ ၽၼ ၾၿၷၳၴၿၵၷၱၯၴႁႀႎ ႀၹၽၿၴၴ ႌႁၽၸ ၱၴၿႀၷၷᄙ ဿၯၺၴၴᄕ ျၿၷႀႁၽᅟ ႁၴၺႋ ၽႁၱၴၿၲၯၴႁ ᄕ ၼၽ ၾၿၷၳၴၿၵၷၱၯၴႁႀႎ ᄙ ၉ၼ ၽၲၿၯၼၷႆၷၱၯၴႁ ၽၰႉၴၹᅟ ႁႊᄕ ၳၺႎ ၹၽႁၽၿႊႄ ၱၽၶၻၽၵၼၯ ၝ၎၇ၐၑ၄။ဿ ၼၴၽၰႄၽၳၷၻႊၻၷᄕ ၽၳၼၯၹၽ ၳၽၾႂႀၹၯၴႁᄕ ႆႁၽ ၽ ႁၯၹၷႄ ၽၰႉၴၹႁၯႄ ၱၽၶၻၽၵၼၯ ၷ ၱၴၿၯᄙ ၅ၿၽၻၴ ႁၽၲၽᄕ ျၿၷႀႁၽႁၴၺႋ ႀႁၯၱၷႁ ၱၽၾၿၽႀ ၽ ၼၷၶၹၽႂၿၽၱၼၴၱႊႄ ႁၷၾၯႄ ၶၼၯၼၷႎᄕ ၹၽႁၽၿႊၴ ၾၽႎၱၺႎႍႁႀႎ ၱ ၿၴၶႂၺႋႁၯႁၴ ႀႄၱၯႁႊၱၯᅟ ၼၷႎ ၱ ႂႀၺၽၱၷႎႄ ၹၽၲၳၯ ၼၴႁ ၝ၎၇ၐၑ၄။ၛ ၽ ၾၽၶၼၯၱၯၴၻႊႄ ၽၰႉၴၹႁၯႄᄕ ၼၯၾၿၷၻၴၿᄕ ႁၯᅟ
Summary
ᄙ Ʃƣ ƞƽƿƫơƶƣ ƻƽƺǁƫƢƣƾ ƞƹ ƺǁƣƽǁƫƣǂ ƺƤ ƿƩƞƿ ƻƞƽƿƾ ƺƤ ᄙ ƫƹƣᅘƾ Ɵƺƺƴƾ ᅬ ƺƺƞǀƺ ƩƵ ƵƠƩƢƵƻ ƷƩƺƻƢƴƶƳƶƧǀ ᄬᄕ ᇴᇲᇴᇳᄭ ƞƹƢ ƨƢ ƶƺƺƩƟƩƳƩƻǀ ƶƣ ƵƸƼƩƹǀხ ƢƵƶᄮƺ ƞƹƞơƶƿ ƣƹƶƴ ƶƠᄵ ƹƞƻƢƺ ƻƶ ƢƿƻƼƺ ᄬᄕ ᇴᇲᇳᇶᄭ ᅬ ǂƩƫơƩ Ƣƣƞƶ ǂƫƿƩ ƶƞƿƺƹƫơ ƣƻƫƾƿƣƸƺƶƺƨDŽᄙ ǀƽ ƿƞƾƴ ƫƾ ƿƺ ƾƩƺǂ ƿƩƣ Ƹƞƫƹ ƣƻƫƾƿƣƸƺƶƺƨƫơƞƶ ƻƽƺƟƶƣƸƾ ƿƩƞƿ ƞƽƣ ƤƺƽƸƣƢ ƞƽƺǀƹƢ ƿƩƣ ƣƹƺᅘƾ ƻƞƽƞƢƺǃ ƺƽ Ƣƫᅟ ƽƣơƿƶDŽ ƢƣƻƣƹƢ ƺƹ ƫƿᄕ ƞƹƢ ƞƶƾƺ ƿƺ ƻƽƣƾƣƹƿ ƿƩƣ ƤƺƽƸǀƶƞƿƫƺƹƾ ƺƤ ƿƩƣƾƣ ƻƽƺƟƶƣƸƾ ƫƹ ƫƹƣᅷ ƺǂƹ ǁƣƽƾƫƺƹ ƫƹ ƺƽƢƣƽ ƿƺ Ƹƞƴƣ ƿƩƣƾƣ ƻƽƺƟƶƣƸƾ ǂƣƶƶ ƽƣơƺƨƹƫDžƞƟƶƣ ƫƹ ƞƹơƫƣƹƿ ƻƩƫƶƺƾƺƻƩƫơƞƶ Ƣƫƾᅟ ơǀƾƾƫƺƹƾ Ƥƺƽ ƿƩƣ ƽƣƞƢƣƽᄙ Ʃƣ ƞƽƿƫơƶƣ ƣǃƞƸƫƹƣƾ ƿƩƣ ƾƿƽǀơƿǀƽƣ ƞƹƢ ƿƩƣ ƻƽƺƟƶƣƸƞƿƫơ ơƺƹƿƣƹƿ ƺƤ ƣƹƺƹᅘƾ ƻƞƽƞƢƺǃᄕ ƞƹƢ ƿƩƣ ƿƣơƩƹƫơƞƶ ǁƺơƞƟǀƶƞƽDŽ ƺƤ ᄙ ƫƹƣᄕ ǂƩƫơƩ ƞƶƶƺǂƾ Ʃƣƽ ƿƺ ƤƺƽƸǀᅟ ƶƞƿƣ ƿƩƣ ƻƽƺƟƶƣƸƞƿƫơ ơƺƹƿƣƹƿ ƺƤ ƞƹơƫƣƹƿ ƣƻƫƾƿƣƸƺƶƺƨDŽᄙ ƾ ǂƣƶƶ ƫƿ ƣǃƞƸƫƹƣƾ ƿƩƣ ƹǀƸƟƣƽ ƺƤ ƣƻƫƾƿƣƸƺƶƺƨƫơƞƶ ƻƽƺƟƶƣƸƾᄘ ƿƩƣ ƻƽƺƻƺƾƫƿƫƺƹƞƶƫƿDŽ ƺƤ ƻƣƽơƣƻƿƫƺƹ ƫƹ ƶƞƿƺᄕ ƿƩƣ ƿƩƣƺƽDŽ ƺƤ ƿǂƺ ǂƺƽƶƢƾ ƫƹ ƶƞƿƺ ƞƹƢ ƽƫƾƿƺƿƶƣᄕ ƞƾ ǂƣƶƶ ƞƾ ơƣƽƿƞƫƹ ƻƞƽƞƶƶƣƶƾ Ɵƣƿǂƣƣƹ ƢƵƶƵ ƞƹƢ ƩƺǀƷƨƼƺᄕ ǂƩƫơƩ ƞƶƶ ƿƺƨƣƿƩƣƽ Ƹƞƴƣ ƫƿ ƻƺƾƾƫƟƶƣ ƿƺ ƾƩƺǂ ƿƩƞƿ ƢƵƶᅘƾ ƻƽƺƟƶƣƸƞƿƫơƾ ƫƾ Ɵƞƾƫơᄕ ƾƩƞƻƫƹƨ ƿƩƣ ƣƻƫƾƿƣƸƺƶƺƨDŽ ƫƹ ƞƹơƫƣƹƿ ƻƩƫƶƺƾƺƻƩDŽ ƟƺƿƩ ƫƹ ƶƞƿƺ ƩƫƸƾƣƶƤ ƞƹƢ ƞƤƿƣƽ ƶƞƿƺᄙ ᄘ ƹơƫƣƹƿ ƣƻƫƾƿƣƸƺƶƺƨDŽᄕ ƶƞƿƺᄕ ƣƹƺᅷƾ ƻƞƽƞƢƺǃᄕ ᄙ ƫƹƣᄕ ƴƹƺǂƶƣƢƨƣᄙ ᅚ ။ၯၰၽႁၯ ၱႊၾၽၺၼၴၼၯ ၾၿၷ ၾၽၳၳၴၿၵၹၴ ။၈၏ ᇰ ᇳᇻᅟᇳᇺᅟᇲᇲᇳᇴᇺ ᆇျၼႁၷႆၼၯႎ ႌၾၷႀႁၴၻၽၺၽၲၷႎᄘ ႌၺၴၯႁႊᄕ ႀၽႃၷႀႁႊᄕ ၊ၺၯႁၽၼ ၱ ၼၽၱႊႄ ၷၼႁၴၿၾၿၴႁၯႅၷႎႄᆈᄙ Ʃƣ ƽƣƾƣƞƽơƩ ƫƾ ƤǀƹƢƣƢ ƟDŽ ƿƩƣ ǀƾƾƫƞƹ ơƫƣƹƿƫƤƫơ ƺǀƹƢƞƿƫƺƹ ᇰ ᇳᇻᅟᇳᇺᅟᇲᇲᇳᇴᇺᄙ.
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