Abstract
This study examines the origins and aspects of the representative occupations of women in the 1910s, “Actress” and “Female Writer,” through Akirame by Toshiko. The occupations belonged to a particular minority class of “career women” at the time. There were fewer “career women” before the war, so this was unprecedented. Unlike for men, gender-discriminatory gender norms are seen in the inclusion of “woman” in the job name. Until now, theater companies and literary circles have been the stage for men. Being active as a woman in theater and literary groups can be said to reflect some of the changed aspects of modern Japan and its new women. Akirame portrayed women who gave up college education halfway and tried to make a living by being “female writers” and “actresses.” Writer Toshiko as well as women in general say that the women in Akirame want to live as themselves, while dreaming of “self-reliance” through having a job. It is an expression of their will to live as women, and it heralds a new era in which professional women will be active.
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