Современные представления о роли гематоэнцефалического барьера в развитии лимфом центральной нервной системы

Abstract

The review summarizes modern researches about the role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the development of lymphomas of the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, it has been established that the BBB is a highly active structure. On the one hand, it protects the brain tissue from chemical, physical and other influences, and on the other hand, it is uniquely adapted for transmitting signals between the CNS and other parts of the body. BBB cells respond to signals from the CNS or blood compartments that can stimulate changes in their barrier, transport, and secretory functions. The immune privilege of the CNS is not absolute. Normally, extravasation of lymphocytes through the BBB is crucial for immune surveillance in nervous tissue, although it is tightly regulated. Damage to the BBB is one of the central links in the pathogenesis of many diseases of the nervous system, and the nonspecific permeability of the BBB can increase significantly in various somatic pathologies. In general, immunological dysfunction and inflammation are the main factors in the violation of the BBB integrity. The mechanisms of metastasis of malignant lymphomas in the CNS remain poorly understood, although it is already clear that their implementation requires interactions between circulating tumor cells and BBB components, while some cytokines can act as attractants for metastatic cells, and the process of tumor development includes several stages from extravasation to local proliferation and activation of neoangiogenesis.