Влияние пола плода на течение беременности и перинатальные исходы при преждевременных родах

Abstract

Objective. To study the effect of fetal sexual dimorphism on the course of pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in preterm birth (PB). Patients and methods. The inclusion criterion was singleton PB at 22–36.6 weeks’ gestation (n = 1411) between 2014 and 2016 with male births (group 1, n = 789) and female births (group 2, n = 622). When analyzing medical histories of PB, the aspects of obstetrical and gynecological history, comorbidities, complications of the present pregnancy, date and methods of delivery were considered. Perinatal outcomes were assessed in terms of perinatal morbidity and mortality rates. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 7.0 software package. Results. The incidence of PB in mothers of boys increases 1.3-fold, increasing the likelihood of very early and early PB. The course of pregnancy in group 1 was found to be more often associated with anemia and acute respiratory viral infections and with threatened miscarriage, premature rupture of membranes, polyhydramnios, and pre-eclampsia. Patients in group 2 had an increased incidence of vulvovaginitis, pyelonephritis, gestational hypertension, and fetal growth restriction. Premature boys are more likely to develop intrauterine hypoxia, asphyxia, and respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate that further research in this area is needed to improve the quality of care for pregnant women, taking into account the sex of the fetus. Key words: pregnancy, pregnancy complications, perinatal morbidity, fetal sex, preterm birth