Влияние разных садовых конструкций на биохимический состав плодов персика в условиях Крыма

Abstract

Abstract. The natural and climatic conditions of Crimea make it possible to grow high-quality fruit crops with high marketability of fruits, which are suitable for both processing and fresh consumption. Due to the instability of some environmental factors, as well as global climate change, research is relevant to predict the nutritional value of fruits and the economic effect of growing certain varieties. The article presents the results of a comparative assessment of the accumulation of biochemical active substances in peach fruits (Persica vulgaris (Mill.) variety Redhaven on almond rootstock, growing in the conditions of the foothills of the Crimea. The work was carried out using field research methods with fruit crops. It was established that meteorological conditions and the type of orchard structures influence the content of biochemically active substances in peach fruits, which varied within the following range: vitamin C – 11.7-15.9 mg %; titratable acids – 0.61-1.07 %; sugars – 10.3-13.4 % and dry soluble substances – 9.5-18.0 %. Features of the construction of spindle-shaped and bush crowns contribute to the accumulation of leukoanthocyanins in fruits by 2.6-2.7 times and phenolic compounds by 1.5-1.8 times more than in the fruits of the cup-shaped crown (control, 28 mg/100g and 30.0 mg/100g, respectively). At the same time, it should be noted that the use of orchard structures in denser plantings (1666-2500 trees/ha) contributes to the accumulation of fruits of the best taste according to all biochemical indicators. The factors influencing the content of basic chemicals in fruits when growing peaches without irrigation in the foothill zone of Crimea have been identified. Keywords: peach, fruits, biochemical composition, weather conditions, crown shape, planting scheme, garden structures