ВЫДЕЛЕНИЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ ДЛЯ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ ВИНОГРАДА В ВОСТОЧНОЙ ЧАСТИ СТЕПНОЙ ЗОНЫ КРЫМА

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies of the degree of favorability of agroecological conditions of the eastern part of the Steppe zone of Crimea for growing grapevine. The long-term data on weather stations of the Crimean peninsula are analyzed. The following climatic indices characterizing the growing season and the ripening period of grapes are calculated: the sum of temperatures above 20 °C, the ratio of the sum of temperatures above 20 °C to the sum of temperatures above 10 °C, the Huglin and Winkler indices, the average temperature of the growing season, the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient, the sum of precipitation for the year and the growing season. In addition, the main agroecological factors limiting the possibility and efficiency of growing grapes are considered: the average of the absolute minima of air temperature and the sum of active temperatures above 10 °C. With the help of geoinformation modeling, a digital complex map of the spatial distribution of index data on the analyzed territory is constructed. The distribution of territories in the central part of the Steppe zone of Crimea that are not suitable for planting vineyards is analyzed: with unfavorable soil conditions, with a height of more than 600 m above sea level, with a slope of more than 20 degrees, as well as lands of forest and nature reserves. As a result of a comprehensive analysis of agroecological conditions on the territory of the eastern part of the Steppe zone of Crimea, 10 ampeloecotopes were identified, including: on the territory of the Kirovsky district – 9, Leninsky district – 7. As a result of a comparison of agroecological conditions of selected ampeloecotopes with the requirements of grapevine varieties to growing conditions, taking into account the dependence of quality indicators of viticultural and wine products on agroecological factors recommendations on agroecological optimization of varietal composition and terroir specialization of the viticulture and wine industry in the eastern part of the Steppe zone of Crimea have been developed.