Возможности лучевых методов диагностики связочно-суставного аппарата коленного сустава в современных условиях

Abstract

Relevance. This article is devoted to a review of current radiation methods for visualizing pathologies of the structures of the knee joint, which represent a topical problem in modern clinical practice and require close attention and in-depth study. The range of medical treatment depends entirely on the rational and necessary use of radiation imaging methods and the competence of diagnostic specialists. Objective of the review. Based on an analysis of the literature, to assess the current state of the problem and the effectiveness of the used radiation methods for diagnosing damage to the ligamentous-articular structure of the knee. Material and methods. The search was conducted in the open electronic scientific databases PubMed of the US National Electronic Medical Library and the databases of the Russian scientific electronic library e-library using keywords and phrases: radiodiagnosis, knee joint injury, standard radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, arthrography . Review results. In order to make an early diagnosis through radiation methods and provide the necessary assistance, standard radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound are used. Contrast x-ray arthrography, computed tomographic arthrography (CT arthrography) and magnetic resonance arthrography (MR arthrography) are also relevant methods for detecting knee joint injuries. One of the most commonly used primary methods of radiological imaging of pathologies of large joints is standard radiography in two projections. However, it is not possible to assess damage within the anatomical structures of the soft tissues and ligaments of the knee joint due to the low sensitivity of this method. The use of computed tomography in most cases is an additional way to clarify the correctness of the intended diagnosis and is of a secondary nature. Magnetic resonance imaging is the method of choice for pathologies of both intra-articular and extra-articular structures of the knee. The advantages of magnetic resonance imaging include the safety and non-invasiveness of the study, the absence of ionizing radiation and high diagnostic value. The most promising and informative invasive radiation techniques for diagnosing knee joint pathologies using paramagnetic contrast agents in clinical practice are CT arthrography and MR arthrography. Conclusion. Each radiation imaging method has its own advantages and it is important to individually determine the need for the use of diagnostic tools for certain clinical cases. Also, in order to early identify pathological conditions of the knee joint structures and carry out the necessary surgical or therapeutic manipulations, it is necessary to use an integrated approach to diagnostic measures