ЗНАЧЕНИЕ КЛАССИФИКАЦИЙ МЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ ТРАВМ ОРГАНА ЗРЕНИЯ ДЛЯ РЕШЕНИЯ ЗАДАЧ СУДЕБНО-МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЫ

Abstract

Abstract. Introduction. The development of a unified classification of injuries of the organ of vision is necessary not only for clinicians, but it is also important for forensic medical experts, both for scientific developments and for solving practical forensic problems, especially in cases of examination of injuries of mechanical origin to establish the severity of the harm caused to health. Aim. Aim is to identify the most rational classification of mechanical injuries of the organ of vision to solve the problems of forensic medical examination of damage to these structures. Material and methods. Studies were conducted on both clinical (150) and expert (178) materials. The main literature of recent years on the problem of injuries of the organ of vision is analyzed. Results and discussion. Currently, there is no unified classification of injuries of the organ of vision, covering all the clinical and morphological aspects of this problem. To solve forensic problems, the classifications of injuries of the organ of vision (2002). In this case, the classification should take into account the nature, localization of damage to the external and internal structures of the eyes, as well as the presence of combined damage to adjacent anatomical structures – the head and orbit structure, as well as the zygomatic bone. The forensic medical qualification of the severity of the harm caused to health also depends on the complications and long-term outcomes of injuries to the structures of the eyeball and its appendages. Conclusion. With penetrating wounds of the cornea, in most cases it leads to loss or a sharp decrease in vision. With non-penetrating wounds of the cornea, visual function is usually preserved. The main qualifying criteria for assessing the severity of these injuries are the duration of the health disorder and the amount of loss of stable general ability to work. There is a high risk of developing post-traumatic inflammatory processes, atrophy of the optic nerve and subatrophy of the eyeball. The criteria for qualifying the severity of bodily injuries for these groups of injuries are the amount of permanent loss of general ability to work or complete loss of vision.