Анализ современного состояния проблемы фузариоза колоса и зерна пшеницы в Российской Федерации

Abstract

Abstract. The aim of the article was to study and summarize the information about modern aspects of fusarium ear and grain of wheat, strategically important crop in the Russian Federation. Scientific novelty. As a result of analysis of scientific literature data on fusarial ear blight, the following main factors (features) were identify that develop ideas about this branch of knowledge: the biology of pathogens, their ecological plasticity; the difficulty of visual identification of phytopathogenic micromycetes of the Fusarium genus; specific etiology and harmfulness of the disease; insufficient effectiveness of measures to protect crop. Methods. In the process of research, by using analytical and statistical methods, the collection, analysis and generalization of information on biological properties, intrapopulation variability, the ability to produce mycotoxins dangerous for humans and animals, and other properties of phytopathogens of the Fusarium genus were carried out. Results. The information about significant factors causing the spoiling of an agricultural crop was systematized, and the urgency of the problem of fusarium ear and grain of wheat in the Russian Federation was shown. From the analysis of the data obtained, it follows that to control the destructive disease of wheat, it is necessary to study in depth the characteristics of the pathogen, and carry out a set of protective measures with timely identification of the phytopathogen. The presence of unresolved issues causes the continuation of research on the development of genetic methods of fusarium pathogen indication, assessment of the species composition of fungi and methods of forecasting their epiphytotic distribution; fungicide preparations using modern achievements of biotechnology, including nanotechnology and chemical synthesis; instrumental base for monitoring wheat crops for seeding with fusarium pathogens.