Abstract
The present article examines the economic and legal problems of development the bioenergy potential of household waste in the conditions of post-war recovery of Ukraine. The place of various operations on bioenergy use of household waste in the waste hierarchy is specified. There is a need for additional ranking of waste-to-energy operations within the position of the hierarchy denoting other recovery. It is noted that energy use of biogas removed from landfills should not be classified as waste disposal. This article clarifies the features and requirements to produce biogas based on the method of anaerobic digestion. It is proposed to establish special criteria for counting bio-waste as recycled after anaerobic digestion in the Methodology for calculating targets for preparing for reuse and recycling of household waste. The article concentrates on analyzing features of production and use of waste derived fuels (RDF and SRF). Biogenic fractions of household waste are an integral component of these types of fuel, so large-scale use of RDF and SRF can cause anaerobic digestion to slow down. Aspects of the impact of RDF and SRF on air quality and climate are considered. It is shown that the European Union has decided to follow the path of limiting the incineration of waste. Special attention is given to the draft Law of Ukraine of 3 June 2021 No. 5611 «On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Energy Waste Recovery». Conclusions regarding the shortcomings of this draft Law are made. Offers to improve the legal framework for biogas collection from landfills are substantiated. At the legislative level, it is necessary to establish the priority of the energy use of biogas collected from landfills.
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