Оценка влияния изменения структуры занятости на численность постоянного населения Дальнего Востока России

Abstract

The migration outflow of the population from the territory of the Far East is a factor threatening the security of the state, as defined in the Spatial Development Strategy of Russia. To overcome it, it is necessary to determine the essence of this negative phenomenon, reflecting complex socio-economic processes both within the territorial community and in the country as a whole. Migration factors are divided into factors-conditions and structural factors. The purpose of this study is to determine socio-economic factors-conditions of migration outflow of population from the Far East and to measure the strength of correlations of changes in the employment structure of the population of the macroregion with its size. In the historical conditions of the transition of the most developed countries and regions to an innovative type of development, the motivations of migration are changing, as well as the structure of migration flows by gender, age, education, qualifications. Their retirement is determined by the continuing reduction of jobs in high-tech manufacturing industries, as well as in knowledge-intensive activities, such as electricity, gas and water production, and in social organizations: education, healthcare, social services, throughout the entire period since the beginning of the 90s of the twentieth century. The recipients of migrants, most of whom have a high level of education and qualifications, in modern society, both in Russia and abroad, are regions that are leaders in scientific, technical, innovative development, centers of high-tech production, high-tech services. Accordingly, the solution of the problem of state significance, on the reversal of migration flows to the Far East, requires the transition of the subjects of the Russian Federation located in the Far East to a predominantly innovative type of development.