პირველადი ჯანდაცვა სოფლად - სისტემის თავისებურებები, პრობლემები და პერსპექტივები აჭარის ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკის მაგალითზე

Abstract

Primary health care development is of great importance, especially for such a low-income country like Georgia. The efficient functioning of the PHC helps to avoid the need for expensive services. The improvement of the PHC in Georgia began in the 2000s. Within the scope of the reform, PHC centers were restored and equipped, medical staff were trained, a state primary health care program was launched, and measures were taken to increase access to medical services in rural areas. However, it is still challenging to provide high-quality PHC service in rural areas due to some system problems. In the mountainous villages of Adjarian region, the population's geographical access to the PHC sector is quite limited. The situation becomes especially complicated in winter due to the road closure to the center of the community during intense snow. Therefore, in all villages of Adjara, a structure similar to pre-existing maternity wards is maintained - in the form of Community Medical Points (CMP), financially supported by the municipalities. This paper aims to study the problems of rural primary health care system development based on the pattern of Adjara AR. The study discusses health legislation, state and regional healthcare programs, works by various authors and materials found on the Internet. The focus is on the problems of access to rural PHC services and their underlying causes. The research subject is the Primary Health Care System of Georgia, and the object is the PHC sector of Adjara AR municipalities. The paper endeavours to study the features of the PHC at the municipal level, identify gaps and provide recommendations. Research methods such as analysis and synthesis, systemic, historical, structural-functional and comparative-legal were used in the research process. The study found that despite vital structural-functional changes in rural primary health care in recent decades, the system still fails to thoroughly meet the objectives introduced by healthcare policy.