Исторический очерк развития психометрии и педагогических измерений в Китае в ХХ веке

Abstract

The article reveals the historical stages and describes a sketch of the development of psychometry, diagnostics, and pedagogical measurements in China in the 20th century. Stages are highlighted: 1910-30s - the utilization of the achievements of European psychometry and measurements in education; 1940-1978s - reduction of the use of tests due to the war and political, ideological changes and the Cultural Revolution; 1980-90s - revival and intensive flourishing of psychometry, pedagogical measurements and psychodiagnostics. Therefore, there is a undulating development of psychometry, psychodiagnostics and pedagogical measurements in China: from a powerful rise in the early twentieth century to a decline due to war and ideological grounds in the middle of the twentieth century, and then to a revival and great prosperity towards the end of the twentieth century. The intrascientific development of psychometry and psychodiagnostics in China also repeated the global trend: from intelligence tests to tests of personality characteristics, scales of personality and private interests of a person. Psychometry and pedagogical measurements are closely linked by history, theoretical development and practical application. The application of a polycentric approach in the development of psychometry and pedagogical measurements in Asia is shown on the example of China at the end of the 20th century.