Расчет поливной нормы при капельном орошении древесно-плодовых культур в садовых насаждениях

Abstract

Purpose: to develop the methodology for calculating irrigation rate for drip irrigation of tree-fruit crops, ensuring the formation of moistened soil contours in soil space with the required geometric and moisture parameters. Materials and methods. The empirical basis for the methodology development was the materials of the author's research devoted to determining the geometric dimensions (parameters) of soil moisture contours. The working hypothesis of the study involved determining the water supply rate for one emitter, one tree-fruit plant and a number of crops in the plantation, with further determining drip irrigation rate per unit area of drip-irrigated agricultural land, taking into account the number of drip micro-water outlets located on it. Results and discussion. When determining the geometric parameters of moisture contours and water supply rate, the main soil and technological parameters of drip irrigation and contour formation (physical clay content in soil, its lowest moisture capacity and bulk density, levels of pre-irrigation and after-irrigation soil moisture, specified depth soil profile moistening and dripper consumption) were considered as influence factors. The dependencies obtained by the author make it possible to determine the linear, areal and volumetric dimensions of local moisture contours and water supply rate, which, under appropriate conditions of drip irrigation, ensures the formation of a local, initially formed moisture contour with the required soil wetting depth in the soil layer. A study of the proposed methodology showed a deviation of the predicted parameters from the experimental soil moisture contours within ±10.0 %. Conclusions. A methodology allowing determining the irrigation rate for drip irrigation of agricultural land as the sum of the water supply rates of all drip water outlets irrigating 1 hectare of agricultural land with practical accuracy has been developed.