Ріст, розвиток та формування продуктивності лаванди вузьколистої в умовах Південного Степу України

Abstract

It was represented the specific features of growth, development and productivity formation of spike lavender plants (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) in the conditions of southern steppe of Ukraine depending on the use of growth stimulants such as Radostim and Stimpo. It was established that lavender plants of the third year of cultivation were characterized in the conditions of the southern Steppe of Ukraine by rather high frost resistance as 82.7 up to 98.1%. The greatest stimulating effect on the processes of growth of lavender plants was found by the treatment of plants by Stimpo bio-stimulator: shoots formed with height from 62.4 up to 78.4 cm, bush diameter was from 60.2 up to 72.4 cm, the number of inflorescences were from 285. up to 352.0 PCs/bush. The optimal parameters of yield structure defined in plants of lavender by the processing with Stimpo bio-stimulator: inflorescence length was from 5.8 up to 7.4 cm, the number of rings in the inflorescence was from 5.9 up to 7.1 PCs. The treatment with bio-stimulators did not significantly effect on the number of flowers in a semicircle, this factor for studied varieties ranged from 4.2 up to 4.9 PC. It was marked differences between varieties in terms of yield structure. The Stepova variety formed inflorescences of the greatest length from 6.6 to 7.4 cm, the Sineva variety formed the largest number of rings in the inflorescence from 6.8 to 7.1 PCs, the Vdala variety formed the largest number of flowers in the semicircle 4.5-4.9 PCs. The largest lavender yield was formed in the variant with the treatment by Stimpo bio-stimulator: the Stepova variety yield was 6.6 t/ha, the Sineva variety yield was 7.6 t/ha, the Vdala variety yield was 6.0 t/ha. Increasing to the control in this variant was 1.3, 2.3 and 0.7 t/ha, respectively, for varieties. The mass fraction of essential oil in the plant raw material of lavender did not depend on the use by growth stimulants, and it differed depending on the genotype of the plant. The largest mass fraction of essential oil was determined in the Vdala variety – 2.30-2.32%, which was more by 0.38-0.40% compared to the control. The greatest collection of essential oils noted in the variant with of the Stimpo biostimulator: the Stepova variety had 127.36 kg/ha, the Sineva variety had 142.34 kg/ha, the Vdala variety had 139.17 kg/ha. Increasing compared to control was 25.66 kg/ha, 40.64 kg/ha and 37.47 kg/ha, respectively on varieties. After processing by the Radostim preparation it was also marked stimulating effect on increasing of the productivity of lavender plants, however, the yield in this variant was significantly lower in comparison with the processing plants by the Stimpo bio-stimulator