Abstract
Background. Monitoring sensitivity to antibacterial drugs of various groups of microorganisms allows us to provide an optimal approach to the prevention and treatment of bacterial infection. In this regard, it is important to analyze the composition and resistance of the bacterial flora in order to select the most effective drugs for its eradication. Purpose of the study. Our aim is to identify the most common microorganisms in intensive care unit (ICU) and analyze their sensitivity to antibacterial drugs, and determine the general patterns and main directions in the development of antibiotic resistance. Materials and methods. The data of microbiological studies in 107 patients of the ICU of a therapeutic profile with various diseases were analyzed. Results. The most frequently detected microorganisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis (30 patients, 28.03% of cases), Staphylococcus hominis (15 patients, 14.01% of cases) and Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp. pneumoniae (17 patients, 15.8% of cases). The most common carriers were patients with community-acquired bilateral interstitial pneumonia (62.9% of cases). Low sensitivity of bacteria to carbapenems and colistin, complete resistance of most microorganisms to penicillins, cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, as well as unexpectedly high sensitivity to tetracycline were revealed. Conclusions. In clinical practice, the range of effective drugs against isolated multi-resistant microorganisms is narrowing, it is necessary to avoid the unreasonable use of antibiotics and, as soon as possible, move from the empirical prescription of broad-spectrum drugs to targeted antimicrobial therapy according to microbiological control data. It is recommended to consider the possibility of a wider use of tetracycline in ICU.
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