Использование энергии пиросостава на основе нитрата аммония для безопасного разрушения бетонных блоков

Abstract

The article is devoted to the development and research of the pyrocompositions based on the ammonium nitrate for safe destruction of the concrete blocks. Ammonium nitrate was chosen as the oxidizer for the pyrocompositions. The choice is primarily due to its low cost and low sensitivity to the mechanical and detonation effects. In addition, ammonium nitrate has a significantly lower content of harmful compounds in combustion products compared to the analogues. Waste polyethylene was used as a fuel. Its use contributes to arranging processing of the synthetic waste, which occupies vast areas and pollutes the environment Based on the research results, the pyrocomposition was developed from 91 % of ammonium nitrate, and 9 % of polyethylene. Composition can be used for directed destruction of the concrete blocks or rocks of medium strength with a coefficient of 3.5–4 on the Protodyakonov scale. Thermodynamic characteristics were studied related to the combustion processes of a binary mixture of ammonium nitrate and polyethylene. It is established that the maximum combustion temperature and gas density are achieved when the stoichiometry is observed. Using thermodynamic modeling in the TDS program, the gas composition of the reaction products was calculated. The main components are carbon dioxide, water vapor and nitrogen. Poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides are practically absent. Field experiments on destruction of the concrete blocks were carried out. Performed studies and practical tests showed high efficiency and safety of the use of the developed pyrotechnical compositions.