Перспектива использования ингибиторного барьера в селекции картофеля на устойчивость к колорадскому жуку

Abstract

Abstract. The purpose of the work is the determination of the most effective method of using the inhibitory barrier in potato breeding for resistance to damage by the Colorado potato beetle. Methods. In the work, the method of setting up a field experiment was used, as well as a laboratory method for assessing the inhibition of the activity of lipases and proteinases was carried out using substrates immobilized in an agarose gel. Results. On the basis of field experiments, it was found that the level of relative resistance of potato varieties and hybrids to damage by the Colorado potato beetle, a decrease in the survival rate of insect larvae and loss of tuber yield are associated with a high activity of lipase and proteinase inhibitors and an intensive development of a hypersensitivity reaction to phytophage egg clutches. In laboratory experiments, it was established that the activity of trypsin inhibitors increased during the laying of phytophage eggs on the leaves of potato varieties Bashkirskiy. Scientific novelty. Based on the analysis of the results of world practice and our own long-term attempts to use the inhibitory barrier in breeding potatoes for resistance to the pest, a new approach has been proposed to involve genes encoding the synthesis and accumulation of protease and lipase inhibitors in tissues when creating potato resistance to damage by the Colorado potato beetle. In this case, the methodological approach should be based on the registration of the modification of the inhibitory activity of hydrolases in hybrids with an intense microwave reaction of the leaf tissue to the clutches of the Colorado potato beetle, which will significantly reduce the volume of laboratory assessment of the material. Genotypes that do not respond to egg clutches with a microwave reaction with a high degree of probability will also not modify the activity of hydrolase inhibitors. Genotypes with local short-term accumulation of inhibitors of the lipoproteinase complex in the zone of hatching of the pest offspring create the greatest depressing biological effect for the survival of 1-2 instar larvae. The creation of such genotypes is likely to be a promising model for highly resistant varieties of the Colorado potato beetle.