КАЧЕСТВО ЖИЗНИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ, НАХОДЯЩИХСЯ НА ГЕМОДИАЛИЗЕ (РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ СОБСТВЕННЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ)

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to study the quality of life of patients on hemodialysis. At the same time, both own data and data from literary sources and electronic resources were used. Quality of life assessment is an important element of health assessment and helps to suggest appropriate measures that need to be taken to improve the quality of life of patients with end-stage renal failure. Own data were collected in one of the hemodialysis centers of Tambov in 2020. To assess the quality of life, we have adapted the assessment questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF (short form WHO-100), which is used worldwide. It included information on socio-demographic characteristics, the main diagnosis, concomitant diseases, the type of vascular access, the duration of hemodialysis, and the serological status of hepatitis. Patients ( n = 138) were divided into 3 subgroups according to the duration of dialysis: 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years. The socio-economic status of the participating patients was divided into categories of upper, middle, and low socio-economic status, depending on income, level of education, and type of employment. The results of this research indicate that the quality of life of patients on hemodialysis is significantly reduced. Such determinants as age, longer duration of dialysis, diabetes, and hypertension, central venous catheter as vascular access for dialysis, lower socio-economic status and a positive result of a serological study of hepatitis are all statistically significant factors that negatively affect the quality of life. Some of these factors can be controlled, leveled, or compensated for. Therefore, in order to improve the quality of life of hemodialysis patients, it is necessary to strive for better control of diabetes and hypertension, encourage the use of an AV fistula rather than a central catheter, and improve infection control for hepatitis viruses.