Психоемоційний стан жінок зі спонтанною вагітністю та після застосування допоміжних репродуктивних технологій

Abstract

The article represents the relationship of psychological processes which accompany physiological changes in the body of a pregnant woman. After all, pregnancy is a state of functional tension of all systems and organs of a pregnant woman. Of course, increased stress is reflected on the psychological state of the pregnant woman. From the point of view of psychology during pregnancy a woman passes a certain series of sequential psychological changes – a decision on continuation of the pregnancy, pregnancy before fetal movements appearance, the period after fetal movements appeared, the prenatal period and childbirth. According to the literature review, each trimester of pregnancy has a certain psychological «portrait» of the pregnant woman. So in the first trimester for many women is common an increase in psychological passivity and there is a sense of satisfaction and pleasure, but other women note depression and increased physical activity which is associated with the awareness of the pregnancy fact. The second trimester of pregnancy is characterized by normalization of mental state and increased efficiency. However, at this time there is a restructuring in the system of worldview and formation of motivation of motherhood, and the appearance of fetal movements allows concretize the image of the child and provides a basis for the interpretation of her subjective state. The third trimester of pregnancy is characterized by increased levels of anxiety and anxiety-fear of childbirth, the health of the unborn child and an increase in the frequency of depressive disorders. Activity during this period is aimed at preparing for childbirth and the postpartum period, and activity not related to the birth of a child – decreases. The prenatal period is characterized by a decrease in the activity of the pregnant woman, General relaxation and emotional «exhaustion», which protects the mother and child from unnecessary stress and experiences. In a pregnant woman, the fear of childbirth decreases and the ability to concentrate on only one dominant essence increases, which will be absolutely necessary during childbirth and postpartum interaction with the child. The postpartum period is characterized by adaptation to a sense of emptiness and a sense of inner. The psychological state is of leading importance in pregnancy. Leading researchers show that it is impossible to explain premature birth only physiological and chemical changes during pregnancy. Taking into account a number of physiological changes in the psychological sphere of women with spontaneous pregnancy, we analyzed the psychological state of 249 pregnant women after the use of assisted reproductive technologies and 50 pregnant women with spontaneous pregnancy. The study of the psycho-emotional state of pregnant women after the use of assisted reproductive technologies revealed deviations in the level of personal and reactive anxiety that are inherent in pregnant women after the use of assisted reproductive technologies. Taking this into account, we consider it appropriate to involve a psychologist to work with pregnant women after the use of assisted reproductive technologies in order to correct the identified abnormalities. Key words: pregnancy, assisted reproductive technologies, psychological state, personal anxiety, reactive anxiety.