Особливості навчання майбутніх технічних фахівців розв’язанню прикладних задач методами нарисної геометрії

Abstract

The article reveals the potential of descriptive geometry for solving the applied problems by future engineers. The conducted questionnaire of students found that the professional orientation of written geometry is one of the dominant motives for its study. On the basis of the analysis of educational literature, it was concluded that there is a lack of applied tasks for the formation of the motivation of studying descriptive geometry. The reasons for insufficient use of applied tasks in the process of teaching writing geometry are determined. It was found out that the peculiarities of creation of a complex of applied problems in descriptive geometry are related to the lack of appropriate professional knowledge and the needs of advanced spatial imagination for students in the first year of study. The general requirements for applied tasks from descriptive geometry are formulated. Information technology substantially changes the use of written geometry tools for solving applied problems. The didactic principles are proposed, which correlate with the general approaches to the creation of applied problems. It is proved that technologies that allow creating a single integrated model of a technical object or process are intellectually compatible with traditional methods and are based on visual education and creative thinking that develop in the study of written geometry, and therefore harmoniously fit into the process of solving applied problems means of descriptive geometry. The use of graphical training of students of modern technical means in solving applied problems using descriptive geometry methods is intended to make the learning process more accessible, interesting, stimulating students to conscious understanding of educational material. Applied tasks solved by means of written geometry allow to develop the qualities in accordance with the requirements for the professional competence of a future technical specialist, form students the skills of using geometrical and graphical methods in professional activity, which contributes to the growth of motivation to study the cycle of graphic disciplines. However, the effectiveness of applied tasks in descriptive geometry is due to the adherence to specific didactic principles, which must take into account the essence of descriptive geometry, which studies the methods of image of three-dimensional objects with two-dimensional images.