중국과 한국 사교육 정책의 특징 비교 연구: 중국의 ‘쌍감(双减)’정책을 중심으로

Abstract

Objectives The purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics of the ‘Double Reduction’ policy, a private education ban implemented in China in 2021, with the private education ban implemented in South Korea in 1980, in order to explore implications for China's private education policy. Methods Data on China's ‘Double Reduction’ policy were collected from the Ministry of Education of the People' Republic of China, ZHI WANG, WANFANG DATA. Data on South Korea's private education ban were primarily obtained form official documents from the National Security Emergency Committee, RISS, and KCI. Using the international comparative research method, the study compares the background, implementation process, and outcomes of the private education ban policies in both countries. Results First, while both two countries share the common goal of normalizing public education through the implementation of private education bans, South Korea focused on reducing competition in university entrance exams and ensuring fairness to address the issue of excessive tutoring, whereas China not only aimed to reduce academic burdens and private education costs but also addressed low birth rates and the educational gap between urban and rural areas. Second, although both countries initially saw temporary effects through strong regulations during the early stages of the policy, South Korea faced the issue of a resurgence of private education, while China saw the emergence of unemployment among private education institution employees following the shutdown of private education institutions due to the ‘Double Reduction’ policy. Third, both countries experienced social issues such as ’high-cost private tutoring’ and ’underground learning’ after the implementation of the private education ban. In particular, in South Korea, the demand for prestigious university admissions led to the problem of illegal private tutoring, and China, concerns over declining academic achievement arose as students' workloads were reduced. Conclusions The study suggests the China needs to introduce various after-school programs tailored to student's needs and reform the university entrance examination system. Additionally, there is a need to expand the time frame to assess the long-term effects of private education ban policies in both China and South Korea.