ВНУТРІШНЬО ПЕРЕМІЩЕНІ ОСОБИ (ВПО) НА РИНКУ ПРАЦІ УКРАЇНИ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА МЕХАНІЗМИ ПІДТРИМКИ

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the situation of IDPs and mechanisms of their support both in the general and official labour market. Based on the analysis of quantitative indicators of IDPs in the regional context, the author proves the importance of IDPs as a special segment of labour supply throughout the country. A significant increase in the burden on the registered labour market in terms of IDPs since 2022 has been identified, with a simultaneous decrease in their employment and involvement in other active and passive support programmes. Statistically, the deterioration of the situation of IDPs in the registered national labour market has been proven, especially in the south-eastern regions of the country. Among the existing mechanisms to support IDPs in the registered labour market, universal ones that apply to all unemployed dominate. Special support programmes for IDPs, such as reimbursement of transport costs for relocation to another area for employment, as well as reimbursement of employers' costs for retraining and professional development of IDPs (subject to certain conditions) are only legally enshrined, but are not actually implemented. The programme to facilitate the employment of IDPs by compensating employers for their labour costs is being implemented on a critically small scale nationally. The main strategies implemented by IDPs (including in the labour market) for their own survival were grouped and typified. An important component of IDPs' survival is their behaviour in the labour market in the context of reducing their own requirements and attracting people of retirement age. Statistically, there is a significant decrease in the ability of IDPs to earn income due to the lack of work since 2022. Higher unemployment rates among IDPs in the general labour market are observed in the south of Ukraine and Kyiv region. It is proved that there are no effective mechanisms to support IDPs in the labour market outside the SES. The state policy of supporting IDPs in the labour market is mainly limited to its registered segment and has a predominantly universal focus. The author proves the need to develop and implement targeted programmes to support IDPs in the general labour market through economic policy instruments (including by stimulating social entrepreneurship).