ОДЭК: уровень радиологической защиты населения с учётом современной модели «доза-эффект» МКРЗ

Abstract

After receiving the notification of the license granting and its registration in the license register it has become topical the preparation of the final version of the project documentation to guarantee the safety of the public residing in the proximity of the operating Pilot-demonstration energy complex (PDEC), which includes a reactor unit BREST-OD-300, reprocessing module and a fuel fabrication/refabrication module. Currently International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP, Publication 103) recommends for estimating radiological protection of the public to use carcinogenic risks estimates for individual organs and tissues, with account of equivalent doses and modern models of «dose-effect» relationship instead of the use of committed effective doses. The article demonstrates the 5-7 times spread of lifetime carcinogenic radiation risk values from exposure to different radionuclides, while the committed effective dose from intakes of the same radionuclides do not differ. The distinguishing characteristic of updated ICRP recommendations is consideration of gender and age of the exposed population when assessing radiation-related carcinogenic risks. The article presents estimates of lifetime attributable risk for critical groups of the public residing in the proximity of the PDEC; the risk was calculated with the use of estimates of annual air emissions from normally operated PDEC. Tritium (H-3) and cesium (Cs-137) emissions limit values have been calculated, the radionuclides ensure the normal functioning of the complex in a negligible radiation risk range for the population (Radiation Safety Standards (RSS-99/2009)).