Abstract
Objective Review emerging trends within healthcare sectors internationally to care for spinal conditions in developed Western European and North American countries. Material and methods An explorative review of electronic bibliographic (Scopus, Pubmed, etc.), thesis and dissertation database, organization websites, grey literature resources and reference lists of relevant papers was undertaken to identify the key publication outlets for relevant content between 2016 to 2020. In the present review, the depth of the search was 27 years (post 1994). This review utilized a methodology structured using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-ScR and PRISMA-S preprint) checklist with the description available on https://doi. org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5JGN4. Results The researchers explored the conditions for strong primary spine care providing effective measures and strategies in streamlining patients and examined the appropriateness of referrals for high-technology imaging assessment. Primary care with its integrative function is provided by professionals with specialized training including general practitioners and nurses. Guidance on the management and standards of inpatient care for a diverse and complex range of conditions are of concern with a focus on specialized spinal services providing invasive management strategies for traumatic spinal cord injuries, in particular. Direct access to diagnostic procedures is essential at specialised spinal services providing conservative and surgical management for a acute spinal diseases with the decision making process and care for this group of patients being very complex with little support of evidence based medicine sources. Conclusion Significant input from clinical and support services is required to provide clinical practice guidelines based upon the best available research evidence and practice experience with a greater range of approaches and techniques.
Highlights
The performance of health systems for spinal diseases accompanied by neurological disorders and pain relative to traumatic spinal cord injury needs improvements to achieve health goals [1]
Patel et al [18] rated the appropriateness of treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios like malignancy or infection, suspicion of traumatic or pathological vertebral fracture, cauda equina syndrome
Otherwise unspecified conservative care is administered for the patient, and nonresponders are supplied with referral to a nonsurgical spine clinic staffed by nonsurgical specialists specially trained for outpatient reception hours and nonsurgical spinal manipulations
Summary
The performance of health systems for spinal diseases accompanied by neurological disorders and pain relative to traumatic spinal cord injury needs improvements to achieve health goals [1]. Involvement of the vertebral column is seen as the primary cause of the spinal disorder in the patients rather than involvement of the vascular and nervous structures [6]. Both neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons specializing in spine surgery are skilled in taking care of the conditions. The social and economic burdens experienced by patients with spinal disorders and their caregivers can be substantial. Greater attention is urgently needed to mitigate this increasing burden and the impact it is having on health and social systems [7, 8]
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