Abstract
The article deals with morphological features, economically valuable indicators and prospects for the use of silkworm breeds with sexual dimorphism at different stages of development, from the world collection of silkworm breeds of NIISH. Like all insects, the silkworm has sexual dimorphism in a number of morphological features at different stages of development. However, it is in the silkworm, as an important agricultural object, that sex differences are of exceptional importance. The fact is that in the industrial production of silk, the silkworm is bred all over the world in the form of first-generation hybrids to realize maximum heterosis. Heterosis can be fully manifested only in the case of exceptional purity of the preparation of hybrid grena, that is, its non contamination with purebred testicles. To do this, it is necessary to isolate both sexes of each breed even before the butterflies fly out of the cocoons and then mate the females of one breed with the males of the other. If we take into account the scale of production, then tens of millions of individuals are subject to this operation. Such a division of silkworm breeds by sex is possible only in the case of pronounced sexual dimorphism by morphological characteristics. The currently used division of cocoons by sex on the machines of the defense industry by weight differences between females and males has a huge error of 65-70%. Visual division of pupae by sex according to difficult-to-distinguish secondary sexual characteristics, requires a lot of manual labor and has a high error rate. Therefore, the use of silkworm breeds with sexual dimorphism according to morphological characteristics at different stages of development for hybridization is an urgent task.
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