Влияние засоления на морфогенез проростков интрогрессивных линий мягкой пшеницы с генетическим материалом Aegilops columnaris

Abstract

The introduction of the genetic material of wild-growing species into the genome of cultivated plants can significantly expand the diversity of breeding material. For the effective use of introgressive plants, it is necessary to study their economically valuable traits and adaptive capabilities. The objective of the work is to study the effect of two types of salinity on the morphogenesis of seedlings of introgressive lines of spring bread wheat containing the genetic material of Aegilops columnaris Zhuk. The objects of study are seedlings of spring bread wheat of the Dobrynya variety and seedlings of introgressive lines of spring bread wheat, created in the laboratory of genetics and cytology of the Federal Center of Agriculture Research of the South-East Region on the basis of the Dobrynya variety and Aegilops columnaris Zhuk. Cultivation of plants was carried out on solutions of sodium chloride and sulfate; the concentrations of the solutions corresponded to an osmotic pressure of 7 atm. The effect of salinity on growth was assessed by the following indicators: root index value, root-to-shoot ratio of seedlings, length of the first leaf, and number of roots of seven-day-old seedlings. Among the studied introgressive lines of spring bread wheat, the highest resistance to the action of sodium chloride is characteristic of seedlings of lines L1946/1 (6A(6U); T4BS/T4BL-1D; 3AL with terminal C-band), L1882/2 (monosomic addition 2/4/ 7X), L2021/4 (5D(5X)6D(6X); terminal transl. 3DL) and L2021/2 (5D(5X)6A(6X)). Seedlings of lines L1882/2 (monosomic addition 2/4/7X) and L2028/3 (5D(5X)) showed resistance to sulfate salinity. Seedlings of line L2028/3 (5D(5X)) are slightly inferior to seedlings of the Dobrynya variety in the length of the first leaf under conditions of chloride salinization, and line L2021/4 is inferior in terms of root supply under conditions of sulfate salinity (5D(5X)6D(6X); terminal transl. 3DL). The results obtained allow us to conclude that the indicated changes in the genome have a positive or no negative effect on the salt tolerance of common wheat. The pronounced negative effect of chloride and sulfate salinity on the studied morphometric parameters was found in plants of the line L1721/2 (6A(6Udel); T4BS/T4BL-1D), which suggests that such a change in the genome negatively affects the salt tolerance of bread wheat.