Антропология как строгая наука? К вопросу о методологическом обосновании философской антропологии. Статья 4. Гуманитарный проект В. Дильтея

Abstract

The article is a continuation of the series of works devoted to the construction of philosophical anthropology as a scientific discipline. This article is devoted to the search for W. Dilthey, who built his sciences about the spirit from the point of view of the so-called “anthropological reflection”. In the article, the author analyzes W.Dilthey’s search for a method and system of categories, with the help of which he actually tried to develop a new scientific paradigm for European philosophy. As the main conceptual accents in this search, the author identifies three. First. Dilthey’s replacement of the concept of being by the concept of life. Second. The place of the cognizing subject, to which the classical sciences are accustomed, is occupied by the “whole man”, “the totality of human nature”. Third. The search for the place of the specifics of the sciences of the spirit was carried out on the basis of the so-called anthropological setting, on the basis of determining the place of man in the world and, accordingly, the word and method of understanding man adequate to this place, trying to overcome the boundaries of the mind set before by I.Kant. The author concludes that despite the influence of Dilthey’s works on many authors of the 20th century, we have to talk more about Dilthey’s project, about the idea, the ideal that he proposed for the humanities, than about the developed concept. The basis of this ideal is the idea of an understanding and experiencing person. But this project did not become a developed concept.