Демографическое старение Республики Коми по новому пенсионному возрасту и экономические аспекты его повышения

Abstract

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of demographic ageing of the Komi Republic according to the new economic threshold of old age. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the gradual increase of the retirement age in Russia and the preservation of the favourable retirement age in the region. The regularities of population ageing in the republic in different intercensal periods have been revealed. The migration inflow ensured a more than twofold lower percentage of older-aged people until the end of the 1970s. The Komi Rebublic has been characterised by a negative migration balance from the second half of the 1980s. The rate of ageing significantly exceeds the national average in spite of the increased birth rate and decreased life duration. The level of ageing approaches the national Russian average and even exceeds it remarkably taking into account the favourable pension legislation. The retirement-age increase contributes not only to the reduction of demographic pressure but also to the decrease of age discrimination in the area employment, favours realization of the resource potential of the older generation and the conception of healthy and active longevity. The employment level of pensioners, the average pension rate and its correlation to the average wage in the Komi Republic is higher than those in the whole country, which partly compensate for the high living cost in the North.