Влияние физических упражнений на мышцы тазового дна и промежности. Основные гипотезы и утверждения

Abstract

Pelvic floor dysfunction is one of the key issues in modern medicine. Symptoms associated with insufficiency of the pelvic floor support apparatus, such as pelvic organ prolapse, urinary and fecal incontinence are increasingly observed in young women, and after giving birth to a third child, their frequency reaches 80%. Women who are professionally engaged in sports are of particular interest to modern medicine. Many of them, highly motivated to achieve results, do not give importance and do not focus on the problem of pelvic floor dysfunction. The question of strengthening the muscles of this area remains open. Currently, there are two main hypotheses related to the effect of physical exertion of the pelvic floor muscle. Objective: to review the literature to search for and discuss data in support of a hypothesis from the standpoint of the functional morphology of the pelvic floor and perineal muscles, the development of diseases in this area and the course of labor. Materials and methods. In our work, based on data from more than a hundred literature sources of the PubMed search engine, we are analyzing works on the topic of the pelvic floor support apparatus insufficiency in women engaged in intensive training (professional athletes, fitness instructors, military personnel, etc.) Results. According to research, we found out that the development of insufficiency of the pelvic floor support apparatus is formed in girls in adolescence with excessive physical exertion most often. Special exercises aimed at strengthening the muscles of this area contribute to the reduction of the first and second periods of labor, minimizing the likelihood of operative delivery. Conclusion. The lack of uniformity of methods for evaluating and interpreting data requires further elaboration of parameter registration and high-quality research.